INTRODUCTION
Thinkium is an all-around public blockchain network, which achieves unlimited scalability at a linear cost by running through a multi-layer multi-chain structure.
MULTI-CHAIN PARALLEL MODEL
The current single-chain system account models (for example, UTXO or Ethereum accounts) are no longer adapted to new requirements, especially when dealing with a large number of cross-chain operations.
Thinkium have designed a new account model that allows to implement complex logic on multi-chain systems in an asynchronous and lock-free manner. In this model, we separate transactions.
Actor-based parallel model structure mainly contains the following information
- Address: The unique identifier of the blockchain account.
- Balance: The current balance of the account.
- Nonce: A scalar value equal to the number of external messages sent from this address.
- Code: Programming logic for processing messages.
- Storage: The internal status of the account, which can be empty.
Each account is controlled by a private key. In the code, the account defines its own
processing method for messages it receives, allowing messages to be sent to other accounts, creating new accounts, and modifying internal status. For some canonical messages, each account has the same general processing methods (e.g. "tran" and"add ")
TYPES OF MASSAGES
There are two types of messages: external messages and relay messages
1. External messages are created by an account that signs them with their private key.
2. Relay messages are generated by the account that executes the send command during execution.
These messages are in Thinkium model support cross-chain propagation.
The information mainly contains in the message are:
- From: Address of the sender of the message
- To: The address of the message recipient.
- Nonce: The scalar value is equal to the number of external messages sent by the sender and is empty for relay messages.
- Input: Specify the input data group for the message call.
- Verification data: A signature identifying an external message from the sender, or a proof of a message.
For external messages, it can be verified by signature and nonce. For relay messages, it can be verified by proof.
There are three kinds of messages In Thinkium parallel model, for each block on chain C.
- Input messages: These messages are currently unacknowledged and the receiver account is all on the chain . They can be external messages or relay messages
generated by other chains. - Internal relay messages. These are relay messages generated during the execution of the entire block, and the receiver is also located on the chain C , so they will be confirmed on this block.
- External relay messages. These are relay messages generated during the execution of the entire block, their receivers are located on other chains, and these messages will be acknowledged by other chains.
Thinkium has designed some optimization methods to reduce communication costs and account storage. Compared with other methods that are also used for concurrency, Thinkium model has higher flexibility and efficiency.
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